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Gallery Package - The Panama Canal by Jon Mitchell
2007: 30 years since the Panama Canal Treaty (7 September 1977)
2007: 100 years since George Washington Goethals appointed Chief Engineer of the Panama Canal
2008: 80 years since Richard Halliburton swam the Panama Canal
2009: 10 years since Panama took over the Canal
2014: 100 years since the opening of the Panama Canal

more pictures of The Panama Canal

Click on a thumbnail for preview and caption information

1997<br>PANAMA Canal<br>A Chinese flagged vessel, the LiI Shan Hai, transits the Panama canal. <br>04/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell

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1997<br>PANAMA Miraflores<br>Panama Canal Authority workers. Panama has controlled the US built canal since 1 Jan 2000.<br>1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell<br>

0981407

1998<br><br>PANAMA Culebra Cut<br><br>Wet Excavation on the Culebra Cut of the Panama Canal. The cut is being widened to allow two vessels of this size (known as Panamax class) to transit the cut simultaneously. Work is set to be completed in 2002<br>02/1998  Picture © Jon Mitchell

0981411

1997<br>PANAMA Gatun<br>Engineers from the Maintainance Division of the Panama Canal Commission use a steam powered crane called Hercules to lift a miter gate from the Gatun Locks of the Panama Canal for repair<br>10/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell

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1997<br><br>PANAMA Balboa<br><br>The TMM (Transportas Maritimas Mexicanas) tanker Monte Alban in the old naval dockyard at Balboa port on the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. This ship repair yard is owned by US company Braswell-Astilleros, one of many companies who are using the infrastructure of the canal.<br>- 04/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell

0981418

1995<br>PANAMA Fort Amador -- President of Panama, Ernesto Perez Balladares gives a speech at the hand-over ceremony for the former American military base -- 01/1995 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0981651

1997<br>PANAMA River Chagres -- People siffoning off water from the river during the 1998 El Nino drought in the country, of such severity that draught restrictions were imposed on ships transiting the Panama canal, which the Chagres provides with water -- 03/1997 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0981737

1998<br>PANAMA Panama City -- Leftist student activists spray nationalist anti-American slogans on a wall during a march against plans to keep some US military forces in the country as part of a multilateral counter narcotics center (also known by its Spanish acronym - CMA). US forces left Panama officially on 15 December, 1999, in accordance with the 1977 Canal Treaty -- 01/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Canal -- British seafarer holds open a door on the MV Pacific Swan as it transits the canal with a cargo of radioactive nuclear waste -- 01/1998 -- <br>Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1995<br>PANAMA Nuevo Vijia<br>Indigenous fisherman returns from a days fishing on Madden Lake (also known as Aruejla Lake) with his children. This family is of mixed Indian and Latino ancestry, like many in rural Panama, but has no tribe as such. - 1995 -  <br>Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1995<br>PANAMA Canal -- The container ship Margrethe Maersk transiting the Culebra Cut of the canal -- 1995 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1995<br>PANAMA Panama Canal -- The container ship DSR Europe is aided by a tug boat as it navigates the Culebra Cut of the Panama canal. In the background, a Atlantic bound ship prepares to navigate the Cut after passing through the two Pacific locks -- 02/1995 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0981811

1998<br>PANAMA Panama City<br>Panamanian presidential guards present the national flag to the former vice president Virzi during the handover ceremony of the former headquarters of the US Southern Command at Quarry Heights -- 01/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Gatun<br>Engineers from the Panama Canal Commission Maintainance Division atop one of the 52 miter lock gates of the Panama Canal. Using a steam powered crane called Hercules, the PCC are removing the gate for its annual repair -- 06/1998  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1997<br>PANAMA Gatun Locks -- A locomotive crane at the Gatun Locks of the Panama Canal is waylayed after trying to lift a heavy piece of equipment -- 10/1997 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0981818

1997<br>PANAMA Gatun -- Residential housing built by the PCC (Panama Canal Commission) in Gatun. This land - formerly part of the 'Canal Zone' (the five miles on either side of the canal that was administered from Washington) is now part of Panama -- 1997 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0981820

1998<br>PANAMA Panama City -- Magnum photojournalist Alex Webb (on assignment for National Geographic) taking pictures during a May Day labour march, an occasion often used by Panamanians to display their distaste for the USA -- 01/05/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br><br>PANAMA Gaillard Cut -- Arco chemical product tanker transiting the Gaillard Cut of the Panama Canal. The cut is being widened to allow two vessels of this size (known as Panamax class) to transit the cut simultaneously. Work is set to be completed in 2002 -- 02/1998 -- <br>Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Gaillard / Culebra Cut -- Panama Canal Commission (PCC) drilling contractor on top of Contractor's Hill - the highest point on the canal. A huge excavation of earth is required for PCC plans to widen the cut to allow increased transits. The project is set to be completed in 2002 after Panama takes control of the waterway at midday on 31st Dec., 1999 -- 02/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br><br>PANAMA Panama City -- A boy braves a tropical rainstorm in the Casco Viejo (Old Compound) of Panama City. The rainy season is vital the functioning of the canal, which requires billions of gallons a year for the lock systems which allow ships to transit the Isthmus. <br>02/1998  Picture © Jon Mitchell/Panos

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2002<br><br>PANAMA Colon -- Ships at anchor -- <br>Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1997<br>PANAMA Colon<br>Port of Cristobal, one of the busiest in Latin America<br>1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Gatun Locks -- Two ships begin their transit of the Panama Canal at the Atlantic locks of Gatun -- 16/05/1998 --  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Gatun -- Time exposure of engineers from the Panama Canal Commission maintainance division use a giant steam powered crane - Hercules - to lift out the Miter gates of the Gatun Locks of the Panama Canal. Each of the canal's 52 gates has to be removed annually and repaired -- 06/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Howard US Air Force Base -- 12/06/1998 -- Guided by a USAF ground crew, an F-16 fighter parks at Howard Air Force Base on the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. Built by the US Corps of Engineers, American armed forces have long had both a strategic and sentimental attachment to Panama. When the 1977 Torrijos-Carter treaty comes into effect on 31 December, 1999, this base is set to become a multimodal cargo complex --  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1995<br>PANAMA City -- 08/1995 -- Police watch tear gas canisters land in front of workers protesting over reforms to the labour code. Panama's modernization of its economy has often led to confrontations between unions and police. The reforms are part of a strategy to secure investment when Panama takes control of the Panama Canal on 31 December, 1999 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Balboa -- The famous cruise ship Queen Elizabeth II transits the Panama Canal en route to the Pacific ocean. Hundreds of cruise ships use the canal each year. <br>01/ 1998  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Panama City -- Homeless man walks past his neighbours who live among these abandoned railway cars on the trans-Isthmian railway in Panama City. Joaquim Sanchez has lived in these carriges for four years and like many Panamanians below the poverty line, collects aluminium cans and waste paper to survive, one pound of paper selling for US$0.10 to recyclers. Handed-over to Panama in the 1970s, the state-run railway fell into disrepair. In 1997, US company Kansas City Southern Rail won the concession to privately operate the famous railway, which was built at a great cost to human life in the 1850s. The revamp is planned to re-open the railway by mid-2000, which will compete with the canal and trucks as a means of ferrying cargo over the Isthmus of Panama --  27/05/1998 -- Photo © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1997<br>PANAMA Gaillard Cut -- Ships transiting the Panama Canal, which according to the Panama Canal Commission will be at full capacity in 2010 -- 07/1997 -- <br>Picture ©ÊJon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1997<br>PANAMA Pedro Miguel Locks -- Panama Canal Commission 'linehandlers' throw guide cables to the MV Ocean Pride, before it transits the lock -- 03/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Gaillard Cut<br>Navigation signs for ships on the banks of the Panama Canal. <br>03/1998  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Pedro Miguel Locks -- Braving tropical temperatures of 30oC and dressed in NBC (Nuclear, Biological and Chemical) protection suits, firemen of the Panama Canal Commission practice handling a dangerous cargo accident -- 03/1998 -- <br>Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1995<br>PANAMA Miraflores Locks -- Yachts pass through the Miraflores locks of the Panama Canal during the annual Cayuco Race. Yacht tolls were increased by the Panama Canal Commission in 1998 to cope with rising merchant shipping traffic, much to the annoyance of thousands of yacht owners who transit the canal every year -- 04/1995 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1997<br>GATUN, PANAMA - A Panama Canal Commission linehandler aboard a ship transiting the Gatun Locks of the Panama Canal on its way to the Atlantic ocean (background). - 10/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1997<br>PANAMA Gatun -- Rainclouds gather during the rainy season over Gatun Dam, one of two which keeps Lake Gatun deep enough as to allow ships to navigate the Panama Canal --<br>10/1997 --  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1997<br>PANAMA Panama City -- A flash of lightning illuminates the Bay of Panama during a hot night in Panama City's Casco Viejo (Old Compound). This colonial quarter's architecture reflects the early history of the Panama Canal. It became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998 -- 06/1997 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1995<br>PANAMA Miraflores Lake -- Mr. Mark Hanley and his wife watch the annual Panama Canal Cayuco Race from their yacht. Their ancestors came to Panama to work on the canal. But only a few thousand from this generation have remained in Panama contistute the social legacy of the former American domination of the Canal Zone (which ended in 1978). <br>04/1995  Picture © Jon Mitchell/Panos

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1998<br>PANAMA CITY, PANAMA - Students and leftists from the PAT (Thought and Transformative Action) group hold torches during a memorial march for the 'martyrs' of the 1964 Flag Riots - which led to the 1977 Panama Canal Treaty - 9/1/1998  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Quarry Heights -- Panamanian presidential guards, schoolchildren and other guests watch the hand-over ceremony of the Quarry Heights complex - the former HQ of the US Southern Command since 1903. The installation is one of several returned to Panama under the 1977 Panama Canal Treaty -- 01/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Colon -- Children play on the veranda of a colonial building dating from the era when the canal was built. Colon was formerly a highlight of Caribbean cruises, but now most of its colonial splendor is slum dwellings for Colon's many poor, the city's wealth faded after the initial American withdrawl in 1979 -- 06/1998 -- <br>Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br>PANAMA Colon -- Children play outside their homes in an old colonial building dating from the era when the canal was built. Colon was formerly a highlight of Caribbean cruises, but now most of its colonial splendor is slum dwellings for Colon's many poor, the city's wealth faded after the initial American withdrawl in 1979 -- 06/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br><br>PANAMA Howard US Air Force Base -- 06/1998 -- USAF groundcrew working on an AWACS plane on the tarmac at Howard Air Force Base, 7 miles from Panama City. The base is due to close in late 1999, under the terms of the 1978 Panama Canal treaty, under which all US military forces must be off the Isthmus by mid-day 31 December, 1999. After that, Howard AFB is destined to become an air cargo hub for couriers DHL -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1995<br><br>PANAMA Miraflores Locks -- Yachts pass through the Miraflores locks of the Panama Canal during the annual Cayuco Race. Yahct tolls were increased by the Panama Canal Commission in 1998 to cope with rising merchant shipping traffic, much to the annoyance of thousands of yacht owners who transit the canal every year -- 04/1995 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982923

1998<br>PANAMA Colon -- An old woman sits on her doorstep in Colon. Panama's Atlantic coast second city, Colon, echoes of the French and American efforts to build the canal. In her lifetime, this woman has seen Colon when it was a rich city and when US installations were closed and a slump began to ruin the city's economy. Now after many hard years, Colon's prospects are brighter as the canal is transferred and new investment in former bases -- 05/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982925

1996<br><br>PANAMA Fort Amador -- The 79th US Army band leads the way after Fort Amador on the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal was returned to Panama. The site is now to become a hotel and shopping complex -- 01/10/1996 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br><br>PANAMA Gaillard / Culebra Cut -- Panama Canal Commission (PCC) drilling contractor on top of Contractor's Hill - the highest point on the canal. A huge excavation of earth is required for PCC plans to widen the cut to allow increased transits. The project is set to be completed in 2002 after Panama takes control of the waterway at midday on 31st Dec., 1999 -- 02/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1997<br><br>PANAMA Gaillard / Culebra Cut -- As a ship glides by, a Panama Canal Commission contract surveyor uses his scope as work continues to widen the Gaillard Cut of the Panama Canal. Over 6,000 people died digging the cut at the turn of the century - equal to one whole shift of blasters and diggers. Now just a handful of civil engineers and labourers use earth movers, drills, GPS and explosives to widen the cut to allow two ships to pass simultanously and increase the traffic capacity of the waterway by 2002 -- 02/1997   Picture ©  Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982937

1997<br><br>PANAMA Gatun -- Rainclouds gather during the rainy season over Gatun Dam, one of two which keeps Lake Gatun deep enough as to allow ships to navigate the Panama Canal -- 10/1997 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982939

1996<br><br>PANAMA Pedro Miguel Locks -- Aerial photo of the Pedro Miguel locks of the Panama Canal and the Gaillard Cut looking towards the Atlantic ocean -- 4/1996 Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br><br>PANAMA Canal<br>British seafarer inside the cargo hold of the BNFL (British Nuclear Fuels Limited) Pacific Swan as it transits the Panama Canal. The Pacific Swan is a specially designed ship, double hulled and crewed, which carries spent plutonium in soldified glass flasks (pictured) for re-processing in Japan. Radioactive cargos such as these are actually seventh on the list of hazardous cargos which are dealt with by the Panama Canal Commission.<br>- 01/1998  Picture ©ÊJon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1997<br><br>PANAMA Gatun<br>Panamanian schoolchildren watch ships being pulled through the Gatun Locks of the Panama Canal by 'mule' locomotives. The Panama Canal will come under Panamanian government control from the United States by 31 December, 1999.<br>- 10/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982943

1998<br><br>PANAMA Gaillard / Culebra Cut<br>Contract engineers drill into Contractor's Hill on the Gaillard Cut of the Panama Canal. The Gaillard Cut widening project is to widen the 9 mile cut as to allow two Panamax size vessels to transit the canal simultaneously. In the early 1900s when the cut was built, over 6,000 people died for its contstruction and around the same number laboured for 24 hours, seven days a week. Now just a few hundred men with machines and computers. The widening will be complete in 2002.<br>- 05/1998  Picture ©ÊJon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982945

1995<br><br>PANAMA Panama City <br>Police clear the Avenida Central during several  days of labour riots in August 1996 as the government altered the labour code put in under the late strongman Omar Torrijos. Union protests are frequent in Panama as further economic reforms are introduced in time for the 1999 handover of the Panama Canal -- 08/1995 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br><br>PANAMA City -- Panama Canal Commission (PCC) workers protesting outside the PCC Administration building. They are seeking to guarantee US-style labour rights after the handover of the canal administration in 1999 -- 02/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982948

1998<br><br>PANAMA Gaillard Cut<br>Arco chemical product tanker transiting the Gaillard Cut of the Panama Canal. The cut is being widened to allow two vessels of this size (known as Panamax class) to transit the cut simultaneously. Work is set to be completed in 2002.<br>- 02/1998  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982949

1997<br><br>PANAMA Balboa<br>The TMM (Transportas Maritimas Mexicanas) tanker Monte Alban in the old naval dockyard at Balboa port on the Pacific entrance to the Panama Canal. This ship repair yard is owned by US company Braswell-Astilleros, one of many companies who are using the infrastructure of the canal.<br>- 04/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982950

1996<br><br>PANAMA Pedro Miguel -- Aerial photo of two ships transiting the Pedro Miguel locks and the Gaillard Cut of the Panama Canal, looking towards the Atlantic Ocean -- 04/1996 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982951

1998<br><br>PANAMA Gaillard Cut<br>Making a splash...contractors working the widen the Gaillard Cut (also known as the Culebra Cut) using a crane and giant bucket to dig out the spoil. The Panama Canal Commission has spent millions on the widening of the cut as so two Panamax vessels may transit simultaneously, the 'Wet Excavation' shown here will end in 2002, when Panama's PCA (Panama Canal Authority) will be in charge of the waterway.<br>- 01/1998  Picture ©ÊJon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982952

1998<br><br>PANAMA Gaillard / Culebra Cut<br>Contract engineers drill into Contractor's Hill on the Gaillard Cut of the Panama Canal. The Gaillard Cut widening project is to widen the 9 mile cut as to allow two Panamax size vessels to transit the canal simultaneously. In the early 1900s when the cut was built, over 6,000 people died for its contstruction and around the same number laboured for 24 hours, seven days a week. Now just a few hundred men with machines and computers. The widening will be complete in 2002.<br>- 05/1998  Picture ©ÊJon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982953

1997<br><br>PANAMA Gatun<br>Two Panama Canal Commission Line Handlers atop a 'mule' locomotive (used to pull ships through the locks) at the Gatun Locks of the Panama Canal.<br>- 10/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982955

1997<br><br>PANAMA Gatun<br>Iron crosses mark the unidentified graves of people who died in the early part of this century building and working on the canal at Gatun. Thousands of people from all over the world came to Panama to work for the Isthmian Canal Company. Many such workers were put on the 'Silver Roll' payscale, most Americans were on the 'Gold Roll'. Thousands who came to build or work on the canal in the early 1900s died from disease and industrial accidents. Until 1996, this graveyard lay forgotten, buried under thick forest, before it was found by a &quotZonian' (an American who grew up in the former Canal Zone) and the land cleared. This graveyard at Gatun was set aside specifically for non Americans.<br>- 1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br><br>PANAMA Gatun<br>Engineers from the Panama Canal Commission Maintainance Division atop one of the 52 miter lock gates of the Panama Canal. Using a steam powered crane called Hercules, the PCC are removing the gate for its annual repair.<br>- 06/1998  Picture ©ÊJon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982959

1997<br><br>PANAMA Gatun<br>Two Panama Canal Commission Line Handlers atop a 'mule' locomotive (used to pull ships through the locks) watch the Olympic Merit transit the Gatun Locks of the Panama Canal.<br>- 10/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982960

1997<br><br>PANAMA Gatun<br>Engineers from the Maintainance Division of the Panama Canal Commission use a steam powered crane called Hercules to lift a miter gate from the Gatun Locks of the Panama Canal for repair.<br>- 10/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982961

1998<br><br>PANAMA Balboa West<br>Wearing special water vests to prevent dehydration, sappers from the US Army Corps of Engineers (the Corps who helped to build the canal) place explosive charges on Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) on the Balboa West firing range. The US military has been testing weapons and equipment in Panama's harsh climate since World War 2.<br>- 03/1998  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982962

1997<br><br>PANAMA Gatun<br>Residential housing built by the PCC (Panama Canal Commission) in Gatun. This land - formerly part of the 'Canal Zone' (the five miles on either side of the canal that was administered from Washington) is now part of Panama.<br>- 1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1998<br><br>PANAMA CITY, PANAMA - Students and leftists from the PAT (Thought and Transformative Action) group hold torches during a memorial march for the 'martyrs' of the 1964 Flag Riots - which led to the 1977 Panama Canal Treaty - 9/1/1998  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982964

1997<br><br>GATUN, PANAMA - A Panama Canal Commission linehandler aboard a ship transiting the Gatun Locks of the Panama Canal on its way to the Atlantic ocean (background). - 10/1997  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982965

1998<br><br>GATUN LOCKS, PANAMA - A container ship transits the Panama Canal by night. The canal operates 24 hours a day. -  16/6/1998  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982966

1997<br><br>PANAMA Lake Madden / Lago Arujuela -- Fisherman returns from an afternoon on Lake Madden, one of the two principal lakes which supply the Panama Canal with the millions of gallons needed every year to provide lockage for ships. Situated in the fragile Panama Canal Upper Watershed, the lake is surrounded by forest and thousands of poverty-stricken migrant farmers, who until controls were imposed in the mid-1980s, had deforested a large chunk of the watershed. Smithsonian scientists who study the watershed say that if deforestation were to begin again after 1999, it could threaten rainfall levels and in turn the functioning of the canal. The lake - fed by the River Chagres - is also the main supply of drinking water for Panama City and Colon -- 07/1997 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982967

1998<br><br>PANAMA Gatun Locks --<br>Two ships begin their transit of the Panama Canal at the Atlantic locks of Gatun -- 16/05/1998 --  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1995<br><br>PANAMA Miraflores Locks -- Panama Canal Commission workers clear barriers from the empty lock chamber after completing repairs on the lock -- 09/1995 --  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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1995<br><br>PANAMA Bay of Panama -- Three fishermen in their small boat pass a larger ship - the ARISTARHS BELOPOLSKIS as it sails into the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal -- 1995 --  Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982970

1998<br><br>PANAMA Gatun Locks -- Engineers of the Panama Canal Commission Maintainance Division put a crane clamp in position on one of 52 miter gates in the three lock systems. Working around the clock, the engineers are under constant pressure from shipping lines - who they delay when maintainance is carried out -- 06/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982971

1998<br><br>PANAMA Panama Canal -- Panamanian police and a Panama Canal Commission security officer (right) on the deck of the British Nuclear Fuels ship - the PACIFIC SWAN - as it transited the Panama Canal with a cargo of plutonium bound for Japan -- 10/01/1998 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982972

1998<br><br>PANAMA Panama City -- Homeless man walks past his neighbours who live among these abandoned railway cars on the trans-Isthmian railway in Panama City. Joaquim Sanchez has lived in these carriges for four years and like many Panamanians below the poverty line, collects aluminium cans and waste paper to survive, one pound of paper selling for US$0.10 to recyclers. Handed-over to Panama in the 1970s, the state-run railway fell into disrepair. In 1997, US company Kansas City Southern Rail won the concession to privately operate the famous railway, which was built at a great cost to human life in the 1850s. The revamp is planned to re-open the railway by mid-2000, which will compete with the canal and trucks as a means of ferrying cargo over the Isthmus of Panama --  27/05/1998 -- Photo © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

0982973

1997<br><br>PANAMA Lake Madden / Lago Arujuela -- Fisherman returns from an afternoon on Lake Madden, one of the two principal lakes which supply the Panama Canal with the millions of gallons needed every year to provide lockage for ships. Situated in the fragile Panama Canal Upper Watershed, the lake is surrounded by forest and thousands of poverty-stricken migrant farmers, who until controls were imposed in the mid-1980s, had deforested a large chunk of the watershed. Smithsonian scientists who study the watershed say that if deforestation were to begin again after 1999, it could threaten rainfall levels and in turn the functioning of the canal. The lake - fed by the River Chagres - is also the main supply of drinking water for Panama City and Colon -- 07/1997 -- Picture © Jon Mitchell / Lightroom Photos

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